Articles | Volume 23, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-215-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-215-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
†Cretolixon – a remarkable new genus of rhopalosomatid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae) from chemically tested, mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber supports the monophyly of Rhopalosomatinae
Volker Lohrmann
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Übersee-Museum Bremen, Bahnhofsplatz 13, 28195 Bremen, Germany
Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und
Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin,
Germany
Qi Zhang
School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao,
276826, China
State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing
Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Nanjing, 210008, China
Peter Michalik
Zoologisches Institut und Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer
Str. 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
Jeremy Blaschke
Department of Biology, Union University, 1050 Union University Drive,
Jackson, TN 38305, USA
Patrick Müller
Amber Study Group, c/o Geological-Paleontological Museum of the
University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Laurent Jeanneau
Géosciences Rennes, CNRS, Univ Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes,
France
Vincent Perrichot
Géosciences Rennes, CNRS, Univ Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes,
France
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Foss. Rec., 22, 31–44, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-22-31-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-22-31-2019, 2019
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Here, we report three new fossil rhopalosomatid wasp specimens from Dominican and Mexican amber. Rhopalosoma hispaniola Lohrmann sp. nov. is described and documented from Dominican amber by two separate inclusions – one of each sex. An additional fossil female Rhopalosoma is described and documented from Mexican amber. The new fossils do not only represent the first fossil records of an extant genus of this peculiar family but also the first records of the family in Dominican and Mexican amber.
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Pools are common features of peatlands. We documented dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in pools and peat of an ombrotrophic boreal peatland to understand its origin and potential role in the peatland carbon budget. The survey reveals that DOM composition differs between pools and peat, although it is derived from the peat vegetation. We investigated which processes are involved and estimated that the contribution of carbon emissions from DOM processing in pools could be substantial.
Justine Louis, Anniet M. Laverman, Emilie Jardé, Alexandrine Pannard, Marine Liotaud, Françoise Andrieux-Loyer, Gérard Gruau, Florian Caradec, Emilie Rabiller, Nathalie Lebris, and Laurent Jeanneau
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Valentine Bouju, Simon Rosse-Guillevic, Marion Griffon, Błażej Bojarski, Jacek Szwedo, and Vincent Perrichot
Foss. Rec., 24, 339–346, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-339-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-339-2021, 2021
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An extinct species of fly is described from 16–23-million-year-old amber of Ethiopia. It is the first fossil of the fly family Mycetophilidae discovered from Africa. This discovery informs the evolutionary history of Afrotropical fungus gnats.
Volker Lohrmann, Michael Ohl, Peter Michalik, James P. Pitts, Laurent Jeanneau, and Vincent Perrichot
Foss. Rec., 22, 31–44, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-22-31-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-22-31-2019, 2019
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Here, we report three new fossil rhopalosomatid wasp specimens from Dominican and Mexican amber. Rhopalosoma hispaniola Lohrmann sp. nov. is described and documented from Dominican amber by two separate inclusions – one of each sex. An additional fossil female Rhopalosoma is described and documented from Mexican amber. The new fossils do not only represent the first fossil records of an extant genus of this peculiar family but also the first records of the family in Dominican and Mexican amber.
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Amber is fossilized resin and so has a terrestrial source; however, very rarely have marine microorganisms been reported, and only in a few amber pieces. We aim to understand how this rare phenomenon could be possible. Several different mechanisms were proposed, and we then tested the wind-blown idea via our experiments on resin-rich forests on the coast of New Caledonia. These forests encompass the best model for the Cretaceous ambers that contain these marine microorganisms.
Laurent Jeanneau, Richard Rowland, and Shreeram Inamdar
Biogeosciences, 15, 973–985, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-973-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-973-2018, 2018
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The source of particulate organic matter in headwaters during storm events remains an open question. We use the molecular composition of organic matter sampled during four spring–summer storms and compare it to potential sources. We identify litter, streambed and vicinal soils as the main sources of particulate organic matter. Their proportions depend on (i) the size of the catchment and (ii) the rain event.
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Foss. Rec., 20, 239–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-239-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-239-2017, 2017
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Oldřich Fatka, Petr Budil, and Petr Kraft
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Alan Vincelette
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Jianye Chen and Jun Liu
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Sandra R. Schachat, S. Augusta Maccracken, and Conrad C. Labandeira
Foss. Rec., 23, 15–32, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-15-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-15-2020, 2020
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Walter G. Joyce, Yann Rollot, and Richard L. Cifelli
Foss. Rec., 23, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-1-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-1-2020, 2020
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Baenids are a group of fossil turtles with a rich fossil record that spans from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) to Eocene of North America. Only a few fossils are known that document the early evolution of the group. We here describe a new species of baenid, Lakotemys australodakotensis, from the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian to Valanginian) Lakota Formation of South Dakota, USA. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that this is the oldest known baenid turtle.
Michael Wegerer, Kenneth De Baets, and Dieter Korn
Foss. Rec., 21, 223–236, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-223-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-223-2018, 2018
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Pavel Skutschas, Veniamin Kolchanov, Elizaveta Boitsova, and Ivan Kuzmin
Foss. Rec., 21, 159–169, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-159-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-159-2018, 2018
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Paleopathologies among fossil members of modern groups of amphibians are poorly documented. We describe pathologies of the fossil salamander Eoscapherpeton asiaticum from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan. These pathologies can result from trauma, infection from trauma and congenital disorders. The occurrence of several traumatic femoral pathologies in Eoscapherpeton could result from intraspecific aggressive behavior. Bone pathologies are described for the first time in fossil salamanders.
Nicole Klein and Eva Maria Griebeler
Foss. Rec., 21, 137–157, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-137-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-137-2018, 2018
Adán Pérez-García
Foss. Rec., 21, 119–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-119-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-119-2018, 2018
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Constanze Bickelmann and Linda A. Tsuji
Foss. Rec., 21, 109–118, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-109-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-109-2018, 2018
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Mesosaurs were reptiles that lived around 280 mya. They were the first land reptile group to return to the water. Study of a fossil from the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin reveals a previously unobserved baby skeleton near the adult. This small skeleton can tell us about how these creatures grew; the lower segment of the hind limb is already proportionally larger than the upper hind limb and the lower and upper forelimbs. This may be because young mesosaurs needed to swim right from birth.
Bryan M. Gee and Robert R. Reisz
Foss. Rec., 21, 79–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-79-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-79-2018, 2018
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This paper presents a description of an extremely well-preserved and articulated skeleton of a temnospondyl amphibian from the early Permian of Oklahoma. Postcranial material is not often well-preserved or well-described in the literature for this group, known as dissorophids, and acquiring new data on this region of the skeleton is important for understanding the evolution of the group. It also represents the first documentation at this site of a genus that was otherwise known only from Texas.
Benjamin Ramassamy, Olivier Lambert, Alberto Collareta, Mario Urbina, and Giovanni Bianucci
Foss. Rec., 21, 11–32, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-11-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-11-2018, 2018
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Extant beaked whales perform deep dives to forage for squids. We studied the morphology of the fossil ziphiid Messapicetus gregarius to evaluate its ability to perform such dives. Our analysis suggests an enlargement of the pterygoid sinus system in deep divers. In M. gregarius, the pterygoid sinus is enlarged, but other lines of evidence indicate that the coastal environment also represented an important part of its home range.
Tanja Wintrich, Martin Scaal, and P. Martin Sander
Foss. Rec., 20, 279–290, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-279-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-279-2017, 2017
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Plesiosaurians retain a very long neck but greatly reduce neck flexibility, and the cervicals have large, paired, and highly symmetrical foramina on the ventral side of the centrum, traditionally termed
subcentral foramina, and on the floor of the neural canal. We found that these dorsal and the ventral foramina are connected by a canal. The foramen are not for nutrient transfer; they are the osteological correlates of a highly paedomorphic vascular system in the neck of plesiosaurs.
Volker Lohrmann and Michael S. Engel
Foss. Rec., 20, 239–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-239-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-239-2017, 2017
Short summary
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Amber functions as a window into the past, capable of capturing behaviors
frozenfor millions of years. Here, we report on the exceptionally rare discovery of a dinosaur-age larva of a stinging wasp, feeding on its cricket host, in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar. It reveals a considerable constancy in the biology of this particular family over the last 100 million years. The excellent preservation of the larva is remarkable and due solely to the fidelity permitted by inclusion in amber.
Danilo Harms and Jason A. Dunlop
Foss. Rec., 20, 215–238, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-215-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-215-2017, 2017
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We review the fossil history of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones), one of the oldest terrestrial lineages with
a fossil record that goes back to the Devonian. Pseudoscorpions do not fossilise easily, and records from the Mesozoic and
Cenozoic consist almost exclusively of amber inclusions. Overall, 16 of the 26 recent families have been documented from
fossils. This is a group of evolutionary stasis and we discuss aspects of palaeobiology, preservation, and ecology.
Wolfram Mey, Wilfried Wichard, Patrick Müller, and Bo Wang
Foss. Rec., 20, 129–145, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-129-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-129-2017, 2017
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Based on a total of 14 inclusions from Burmese amber the new, extinct insect order Tarachoptera was established. The new order Tarachoptera is placed in the superorder Amphiesmenoptera. The species of Tarachoptera are tiny insects with a wing span of 2.3–4.5 mm, but are highly specialized according to their aberrant morphology. They lived in the forests of Southeast Asia about 100 million years ago.
Florian Witzmann and Elizabeth Brainerd
Foss. Rec., 20, 105–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-105-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-105-2017, 2017
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Based on the estimation of its body mass and metabolic rate, we calculated heat balance, gas exchange, osmoregulation, and digestion of the 290-million-year-old aquatic amphibian Archegosaurus. Our results suggest that its physiology was more fish- than tetrapod-like in many respects. We conducted this study, which is mainly based on theoretical calculations and comparison with extant analogs, to shed light on the physiology and lifestyle of early tetrapods.
Torsten M. Scheyer, Elena V. Syromyatnikova, and Igor G. Danilov
Foss. Rec., 20, 69–85, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-69-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-69-2017, 2017
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We review shell bone microstructures of Adocidae and Nanhsiungchelyidae, two groups of extinct hide-necked turtles related to modern soft-shelled turtles (Trionychidae) and the pig-nosed turtle Carettochelys insculpta (Carettochelyidae). Adocids and nanhsiungchelyids both have a good fossil record in North America and Asia during the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Our microstructural data supplement previously reported differences in external shell morphology between adocids and nanhsiungchelyids.
Olivier Béthoux, Artémis Llamosi, and Séverine Toussaint
Foss. Rec., 20, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-1-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-1-2016, 2016
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Fossil insects preserved as an imprint on laminae have subtle differences in relief which can be difficult to photograph. Recourse to reflectance transformation imaging allowed us to deliver exhaustive and interactive photographic data for Protelytron permianum. Based on these data we were able ascertain that it is an early relative of earwigs. In order to better appreciate its elaborate hind wing folding mechanism, we provide guidelines to build and operate a paper model.
Florian Witzmann, Sven Sachs, and Christian J. Nyhuis
Foss. Rec., 19, 83–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-19-83-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-19-83-2016, 2016
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In this study, the well-preserved skull of a giant amphibian from the Late Triassic Stuttgart Formation (Schilfsandstein) of Bielefeld-Sieker in NW Germany is described and a new species, Cyclotosaurus buechneri sp. nov., is erected. Cyclotosaurus buechneri represents the only unequivocal evidence of Cyclotosaurus in northern Germany. The amphibian skull was found more than 40 years ago and is well known in Bielefeld and the surrounding areas but has so far never been described.
G. Arratia
Foss. Rec., 19, 31–59, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-19-31-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-19-31-2016, 2016
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Complete morphological descriptions of exceptionally beautifully preserved Late Jurassic fishes from Bavaria (e.g., Ettling and Eichsttät), southern Germany, are provided for a new genus and species, which is endemic of Ettling and for a new family, Ascalaboidae. The new family is only known from marine Upper Jurassic localities of Europe and is interpreted as an extinct and primitive group of Teleostei, which is considered the largest group within osteichthyans (bony fishes).
N. B. Fröbisch, A. Brar, and R. R. Reisz
Foss. Rec., 18, 73–80, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-18-73-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-18-73-2015, 2015
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Here we describe a large specimen of the Paleozoic dissorophid amphibian Cacops woehri from the Fort Sill locality in Oklahoma, which was previously only known from a partial juvenile skull. The new data show that, in contrast to the closely related species C. morrisi, C. woehri underwent only subtle changes in skull morphology in late ontogeny, which indicates different functional demands possibly associated with a different ecology.
B. J. Burger and L. Tackett II
Foss. Rec., 17, 69–74, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-17-69-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-17-69-2014, 2014
K. Kienapfel, S. Läbe, and H. Preuschoft
Foss. Rec., 17, 59–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-17-59-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-17-59-2014, 2014
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Short summary
A new mid-Cretaceous rhopalosomatid wasp, Cretolixon alatum Lohrmann gen. et sp. nov., is described from Burmese (Kachin) amber. The new genus has a unique mixture of characters, some of which are only known from the recent brachypterous genus Olixon and others of which are known only from the recent macropterous genera. Thus, Cretolixon not only provides further evidence for the monophyly of the family but also contributes evidence for the monophyly of the Rhopalosomatinae.
A new mid-Cretaceous rhopalosomatid wasp, Cretolixon alatum Lohrmann gen. et sp. nov., is...